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1.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(4): 436-444, jul.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286530

ABSTRACT

Resumen La tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) es una técnica de diagnóstico médico mediante la cual se obtienen imágenes funcionales a partir de registrar la biodistribución espacio-temporal de radiofármacos específicos dirigidos a blancos moleculares específicos, proveyendo información bioquímica a nivel molecular. A principios de la primera década de este siglo XXI, la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México implementó esta técnica de diagnóstico en México, convirtiéndose en pionera en aplicaciones PET en el país y Latinoamérica. Casi dos décadas después, la PET se ha convertido en una herramienta esencial en la clínica médica. En este artículo se describen los antecedentes, el estado actual, las perspectivas de la imagen molecular PET en México y el impacto que ha tenido en el manejo de pacientes con enfermedades oncológicas, neurológicas y cardiológicas.


Abstract Positron-emission tomography (PET) is a medical diagnostic technique by means of which functional images are obtained by recording the spatio-temporal biodistribution of specific radiopharmaceuticals targeted at specific molecular objectives, which provides biochemical information at the molecular level. Early in the first decade of this 21st century, the Faculty of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico acquired the technology to implement this diagnostic technique in Mexico, thus becoming a pioneer in PET applications in the country and in Latin America. Almost two decades after its implementation in Mexico, PET has become an essential tool in medical clinics. This article describes the background, current state and perspectives of PET molecular imaging in Mexico, and the impact it has had on the management of patients with oncological, neurological and heart diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Heart Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Mexico , Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Nervous System Diseases/diagnostic imaging
2.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 56(1): 45-50, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001332

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be the last step of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) evolution. Experimental models are crucial to elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC secondary to NAFLD. The 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays an important role in evaluating HCC development and progression. OBJECTIVE: To standardize the imaging method of PET/CT with 18F-FDG as an evaluation tool of the experimental model of HCC secondary to NAFLD. METHODS: Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with choline-deficient high-fat diet and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in the drinking water for 16 weeks and then received 1 mL of saline solution (0.9%) daily by gavage for three weeks. At the 16th and 19th weeks, abdominal ultrasonography (USG) was performed. 18F-FDG PET/CT images were obtained before the beginning of experiment (week 0) and at the end (week 19). Histological and immunohistochemically analysis were also performed. RESULTS: The USG results showed a homogeneous group at the 16th week with an average of 4.6±2.74 nodules per animal. At the 19th week, PET/CT findings demonstrated an average of 8.5±3.7 nodules per animal. The mean values of SUVmed and SUVmax were 2.186±0.1698 and 3.8±1.74, respectively. The average number of nodules per animal in the histological analysis was 5.5±1.5. From all nodules, 4.6% were classified as well-differentiated HCC and 81.8% were classified as poorly-differentiated HCC. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET/CT was able to evaluate the development of HCC in an experimental model of NAFLD non-invasively. From the standardization of PET/CT in this model, it is possible to use this tool in future studies to monitor, in vivo and non-invasively, the progression of HCC.


RESUMO BACKGROUND: O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) pode ser a última fase da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA). Modelos experimentais são cruciais para elucidação da patogênese do CHC secundário a DHGNA. A tomografia por emissão de pósitrons/tomografia computadorizada (PET/TC) com 2-desoxi-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glicose (18F-FDG) desempenha um importante papel na avaliação do desenvolvimento e progressão do CHC. OBJETIVO: Padronizar a metodologia de imagem por PET/TC com 18F-FDG como uma ferramenta de avaliação do modelo experimental de CHC secundário a DHGNA. MÉTODOS: Dez ratos Sprague-Dawley machos foram alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica deficiente em colina associada a dietilnitrosamina (DEN) na água de beber por 16 semanas e depois receberam 1 mL de solução salina (0,9%) por gavagem diariamente por três semanas. Nas 16ª e 19ª semanas, foi realizada a ultrassonografia abdominal. As imagens do PET/TC com 18F-FDG foram obtidas antes do início do experimento (semana 0) e no final (semana 19). Análises histológica e imunohistoquímica também foram realizadas. RESULTADOS: Os resultados da ultrassonografia demonstraram um grupo homogêneo na 16ª semana com uma média de 4,6±2,74 nódulos por animal. Na 19ª semana, os achados do PET/CT demonstraram uma média de 8,5±3,7 nódulos por animal. Os valores médios de SUVmed e SUVmáx foram 2,186±0,1698 e 3,8±1,74, respectivamente. A média do número de nódulos na análise histológica foi de 5,5±1,5. De todos os nódulos, 4,6% foram classificados como bem diferenciados e 81,8% foram classificados como CHC pouco diferenciado. CONCLUSÃO: O PET/TC com 18F-FDG foi capaz de avaliar o desenvolvimento do CHC secundário a DHGNA de forma não invasiva. A partir da padronização do PET/CT neste modelo, faz-se possível a utilização desta ferramenta em futuros estudos para monitorar, in vivo e de forma não invasiva, a progressão do CHC.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/diagnostic imaging , Prognosis , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/secondary , Ultrasonography , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Neoplasm Grading , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/standards , Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/secondary , Neoplasm Staging
3.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 62(4): 460-465, July-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950088

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: Detection rate of thyroid nodules is increasing with the use of new imaging modalities, especially in screening for malignancies. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/ CT)-positive thyroid nodules should be differentiated for malignancy to avoid unnecessary operations and further follow-up. Most trials evaluate the role of SUVmax, but there is no definitive information about the utility of Hounsfield unit (HU) values for prediction of malignancy. This study aimed to evaluate the HU values beside SUVmax for detecting malignancy risk of PET/CT-positive thyroid nodules. Subjects and methods: Results of 98 cancer patients who had fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for thyroid nodules detected on PET/CT between January 2011 and December 2015 were assessed. The FNABs and surgical pathological results were recorded. Results: FNABs revealed benign results in 32 patients (32.7%), malignant in 18 (18.4%), non-diagnostic in 20 (20.4%), and indeterminate in 28 (28.5%). Twenty-four patients underwent thyroidectomy. The mean HU values were not significantly different in benign and malignant nodules (p = 0.73). However, the mean SUVmax was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in malignant ones. Area under curve (AUC) was 0.824 for SUVmax; the cut-off value was over 5.55 (p < 0.001), with 80% sensitivity, 84.5% specificity. Conclusions: Our current study demonstrated that HU value does not add any additional valuable information for discriminating between malignant and benign thyroid nodules. We also defined a SUV cut-off value of 5.55 for malignant potential of thyroid nodules detected on PET/CT Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2018;62(4):460-5


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Nodule/pathology , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Thyroid Gland/diagnostic imaging , Thyroidectomy , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Diagnosis, Differential
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 111(2): 182-190, Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950212

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Heart failure (HF) is a severe public health problem because of its high morbidity and mortality and elevated costs, thus requiring better understanding of its course. In its complex and multifactorial pathogenesis, sympathetic hyperactivity plays a relevant role. Considering that sympathetic dysfunction is already present in the initial phases of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) and frequently associated with a worse prognosis, we assumed it could be more severe in CCC than in cardiomyopathies of other etiologies (non-CCC). Objectives: To assess the cardiac sympathetic dysfunction 123I-MIBG) of HF, comparing individuals with CCC to those with non-CCC, using heart transplant (HT) patients as denervated heart parameters. Methods: We assessed 76 patients with functional class II-VI HF, being 25 CCC (17 men), 25 non-CCC (14 men) and 26 HT (20 men), by use of cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine 123I-MIBG) scintigraphy, estimating the early and late heart-to-mediastinum ratio (HMR) of 123I-MIBG uptake and cardiac washout (WO%). The 5% significance level was adopted in the statistical analysis. Results: The early and late HMR values were 1.73 ± 0.24 and 1.58 ± 0.27, respectively, in CCC, and 1.62 ± 0.21 and 1.44 ± 0.16 in non-CCC (p = NS), being, however, higher in HT patients (p < 0.001). The WO% values were 41.65 ± 21.4 (CCC), 47.37 ± 14.19% (non-CCC) and 43.29 ± 23.02 (HT), p = 0.057. The late HMR values showed a positive weak correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in CCC and non-CCC (r = 0.42 and p = 0.045; and r = 0.49 and p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: Sympathetic hyperactivity 123I-MIBG) was evidenced in patients with class II-IV HF, LVEF < 45%, independently of the HF etiology, as compared to HT patients.


Resumo Fundamentos: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) representa um grave problema de saúde pública pela alta morbimortalidade e custos envolvidos, exigindo uma melhor compreensão de sua evolução. Em sua patogênese, complexa e multifatorial, a hiperatividade simpática ocupa relevante papel. Considerando que a disfunção simpática está presente já nas fases iniciais da cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC), frequentemente associando-se a um pior prognóstico, supomos que pudesse ser mais grave na CCC que nas demais etiologias (não-CCC). Objetivos: Avaliar a disfunção simpática cardíaca (123I-MIBG) da IC, comparando-se os portadores de CCC aos não-CCC, utilizando os pacientes transplantados cardíacos (TC) como parâmetro de coração desnervado. Métodos: Estudamos 76 pacientes com IC classe funcional II-VI, sendo 25 CCC (17 homens), 25 não-CCC (14 homens) e 26 TC (20 homens), pela cintilografia cardíaca (123I-MIBG), estimando-se a captação (HMR) precoce e tardia e o washout cardíaco (Wc%). Nas análises estatísticas, o nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Os valores da HMR precoce e da tardia foram 1,73 ± 0,24 e 1,58 ± 0,27, respectivamente, na CCC, e 1,62 ± 0,21 e 1,44 ± 0,16 na não-CCC (p = NS), sendo, porém, mais elevados nos TC (p < 0,001). Os valores de Wc% foram 41,65 ± 21,4 (CCC), 47,37 ± 14,19% (não-CCC) e 43,29 ± 23,02 (TC), p = 0,057. Os valores de HMR tardia apresentaram correlação positiva fraca com a fração de ejeção de ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) na CCC e na não-CCC (r = 0,42 e p = 0,045; e r = 0,49 e p = 0,015, respectivamente). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se a presença de hiperatividade simpática (123I-MIBG) em pacientes com IC classe II-IV, FEVE < 45%, independentemente da etiologia da IC, quando comparados aos pacientes TC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Heart Transplantation , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , 3-Iodobenzylguanidine/administration & dosage , Primary Dysautonomias/diagnostic imaging , Heart Failure/diagnostic imaging , Radionuclide Imaging , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Primary Dysautonomias/etiology , Primary Dysautonomias/physiopathology , Heart Failure/etiology , Heart Failure/physiopathology
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(4): 413-421, abr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961411

ABSTRACT

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the tenth most prevalent cancer in world, and represents the fourth cause of cancer death. It has a five year-survival of 5%. Aim: To assess the prognostic value of PET/CT in pancreatic cancer. Material and Methods: Sixty-nine patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent staging 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT between December 2008 and July 2016 were selected. Gender, age, body-mass index, laboratory tests (Ca 19-9, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase), histological differentiation of tumor, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, size and 18F-FDG uptake (maximal stan-dardized uptake value [SUVmax]) of the primary tumor, nodal involvement and distant metastasis detected by PET/CT were registered. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves, Log Rank test and Cox multivariable analysis. Results: Mortality was 66.7%, during a mean observation time of 18 months (range 20 days-66 months). Curative surgery, lack of metastases detected by PET/CT, histologically well differentiated tumors, and SUVmax ≤ 4.3 were significantly associated with a better specific survival, determined by the Log Rank test. Histological differentiation was the only variable that had a statistically significant prognostic value in the multivariable analysis. Conclusions: The detection of distant metastases and the intensity of primary tumor 18F-FDG uptake during PET/CT provide useful prognostic information in pancreatic cancer patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prognosis , Time Factors , Adenocarcinoma/mortality , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Survival Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacokinetics , Tumor Burden , Neoplasm Grading , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
6.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 64(2): 119-126, Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896427

ABSTRACT

Summary Introduction: The standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (RC) consists of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical surgery. Regardless the extensive use of SUVmax in 18F-FDG PET tumor uptake as representation of tumor glycolytic consumption, there is a trend to apply metabolic volume instead. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a noninvasive method for tumor segmentation using the 18F-FDG PET imaging in order to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in patients with rectal cancer. Method: The sample consisted of stage II and III rectal cancer patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT examination before and eight weeks after neoadjuvant therapy. An individualized tumor segmentation methodology was applied to generate tumor volumes (SUV2SD) and compare with standard SUVmax and fixed threshold (SUV40%, SUV50% and SUV60%) pre- and post-therapy. Therapeutic response was assessed in the resected specimens using Dworak's protocol recommendations. Several variables were generated and compared with the histopathological results. Results: Seventeen (17) patients were included and analyzed. Significant differences were observed between responders (Dworak 3 and 4) and non-responders for SUVmax-2 (p<0.01), SUV2SD-2 (p<0.05), SUV40%-2 (p<0.05), SUV50%-2 (p<0.05) and SUV60%-2 (p<0.05). ROC analyses showed significant areas under the curve (p<0.01) for the proposed methodology with sensitivity and specificity varying from 60% to 83% and 73% to 82%, respectively. Conclusion: The present study confirmed the predictive power of the variables using a noninvasive individualized methodology for tumor segmentation based on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for response evaluation in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.


Resumo Introdução: O câncer retal (RC) é uma doença de importância global, e o tratamento padrão para o câncer retal localmente avançado compreende quimiorradiação neoadjuvante seguida de cirurgia radical. Independentemente do uso extensivo da captação tumoral mais intensa do 18F-FDG (conhecida como SUVmax) como representativo do consumo glicolítico do tumor nas imagens de PET, há uma tendência para aplicar volume metabólico. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar um método não invasivo de segmentação tumoral utilizando a 18F-FDG PET para predizer a resposta à quimiorradioterapia neoadjuvante em pacientes com câncer de reto. Método: A amostra consistiu em pacientes com câncer retal em estádios II e III submetidos ao exame de 18F-FDG PET/CT antes e oito semanas após a terapia neoadjuvante. Foi aplicada uma metodologia de segmentação tumoral individualizada para gerar volumes tumorais (SUV2SD). A resposta terapêutica foi avaliada nos espécimes ressecados utilizando as recomendações do protocolo de Dworak. Várias variáveis foram geradas e comparadas com os resultados histopatológicos. Resultados: Dezessete (17) pacientes foram incluídos e analisados. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os respondedores (Dworak 3 e 4) e não respondedores para SUVmax-2 (p<0,01), SUV2SD-2 (p<0,05), SUV40%-2 (p<0,05), SUV50%-2 (p<0,05) e SUV60%-2 (p< 0,05). As análises ROC mostraram áreas significativas sob a curva (p<0,01) para a metodologia proposta, com sensibilidade e especificidade variando de 60% a 83% e 73% a 82%, respectivamente. Conclusão: O presente estudo confirmou o poder preditivo das variáveis utilizando uma metodologia não invasiva individualizada para segmentação tumoral baseada em imagens 18F-FDG PET/CT para avaliação da resposta em pacientes com câncer retal após tratamento com quimiorradiação neoadjuvante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Rectal Neoplasms/therapy , Adenocarcinoma/therapy , Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods , Chemoradiotherapy/methods , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/metabolism , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Treatment Outcome , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage , Tumor Burden , Middle Aged
7.
J. bras. pneumol ; 42(6): 404-408, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841245

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) on pulmonary epithelial membrane permeability in healthy subjects. Methods: We evaluated a cohort of 30 healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 28.3 ± 5.4 years, a mean FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.89 ± 0.14, and a mean FEV1 of 98.5 ± 13.1% of predicted. Subjects underwent technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy in two stages: during spontaneous breathing; and while breathing through a PEP mask at one of three PEP levels-10 cmH2O (n = 10), 15 cmH2O (n = 10), and 20 cmH2O (n = 10). The 99mTc-DTPA was nebulized for 3 min, and its clearance was recorded by scintigraphy over a 30-min period during spontaneous breathing and over a 30-min period during breathing through a PEP mask. Results: The pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA was significantly shorter when PEP was applied-at 10 cmH2O (p = 0.044), 15 cmH2O (p = 0.044), and 20 cmH2O (p = 0.004)-in comparison with that observed during spontaneous breathing. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PEP, at the levels tested, is able to induce an increase in pulmonary epithelial membrane permeability and lung volume in healthy subjects.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da pressão expiratória positiva (PEP) na permeabilidade da membrana epitelial pulmonar em indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Foi avaliada uma coorte de 30 indivíduos saudáveis (15 homens e 15 mulheres), com média de idade de 28,3 ± 5,4 anos, média da relação VEF1/CVF de 0,89 ± 0,14 e média de VEF1 de 98,5 ± 13,1% do previsto. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a cintilografia pulmonar por inalação de radioaerossol de ácido dietilenotriaminopentacético marcado com tecnécio-99m (99mTc-DTPA em inglês) em dois estágios: durante respiração espontânea e durante respiração com uma máscara de PEP de 10 cmH2O (n = 10), 15 cmH2O (n = 10) ou 20 cmH2O (n = 10). O 99mTc-DTPA foi nebulizado por 3 min, e sua depuração foi registrada por cintilografia por um período de 30 min durante respiração espontânea e por um período de 30 min durante a respiração com uma máscara de PEP. Resultados: A depuração pulmonar do 99mTc-DTPA foi significativamente menor quando PEP foi aplicada a 10 cmH2O (p = 0,044), 15 cmH2O (p = 0,044) e 20 cmH2O (p = 0,004), em comparação com a observada durante a respiração espontânea. Conclusões: Nossos achados indicam que o uso de PEP nos níveis testados pode induzir um aumento na permeabilidade da membrana epitelial pulmonar e no volume pulmonar em indivíduos saudáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Lung/metabolism , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate/pharmacokinetics , Lung/physiology , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Permeability , Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate/administration & dosage
8.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 56(4): 299-308, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792759

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET–CT) and serum levels of different cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) and associations with disease activity. Methods: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were measured in 36 TA patients and 36 controls. Maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-FDG in arterial walls was determined by PET–CT scans. TA patients were classified as active disease, inactive disease and possible active disease. Results: Serum IL-6 and MMP-3 levels were higher in TA patients than in controls (p < 0.001). Serum IL-6 was higher in patients with active disease and in patients with possible active disease than in inactive disease (p < 0.0001). Patients with active disease had higher serum TNFα levels than patients with inactive disease (p = 0.049) while patients with possible active disease presented higher IL-18 levels than patients with inactive disease (p = 0.046). Patients with active disease had higher SUVmax values than those with inactive disease (p = 0.042). By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve SUVmax was predictive of active disease in TA and values ≥1.3 were associated with disease activity (p = 0.039). Serum TNF-α levels were higher in patients with SUVmax ≥ 1.3 than <1.3 (p = 0.045) and controls (p = 0.012). Serum IL-6 levels were higher in patients with SUVmax ≥ 1.3 than in controls (p < 0.001). No differences regarding other biomarkers were found between TA patients and controls. Conclusions: Higher serum IL-6 and TNFα levels as well as higher 18F-FDG uptake in arterial wall are associated with active TA.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a captação de 18F-fluordesoxiglicose (FDG) na tomografia por emissão de pósitrons – tomografia computadorizada (PET-CT) – e os níveis séricos de diferentes citocinas e da metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) em pacientes com arterite de Takayasu (AT) e associações com a atividade da doença. Métodos: Foram mensurados os níveis séricos do fator de necrose tumoral-α (TNF-α), interleucina (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, MMP-3 e MMP-9 em 36 pacientes com AT e 36 controles. O valor padronizado de captação máximo (SUVmax) de 18F-FDG nas paredes arteriais foi determinado por exames de PET-CT. Os pacientes com AT foram classificados como doença ativa, doença inativa e possível doença ativa. Resultados: Os níveis séricos de IL-6 e MMP-3 foram mais altos em pacientes com AT do que nos controles (p < 0,001). Os níveis séricos de IL-6 foram mais elevados em pacientes com doença ativa e em pacientes com possível doença ativa do que naqueles com doença inativa (p < 0,0001). Os pacientes com doença ativa apresentaram níveis séricos mais elevados de TNF-α do que os pacientes com doença inativa (p = 0,049), enquanto os indivíduos com possível doença ativa apresentaram maiores níveis séricos de IL-18 do que os pacientes com doença inativa (p = 0,046). Aqueles com doença ativa apresentaram maiores valores de SUVmax do que aqueles com doença inativa (p = 0,042). De acordo com a curva ROC, o SUVmax foi capaz de predizer a doença ativa na AT e valores ≥ 1,3 estavam associados à atividade da doença (p = 0,039). Os níveis séricos de TNF-α foram maiores em pacientes com SUVmax ≥ 1,3 do que naqueles com valor < 1,3 (p = 0,045) e controles (p = 0,012). Os níveis séricos de IL-6 foram mais elevados em pacientes com SUVmax ≥ 1,3 do que nos controles (p < 0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças em relação a outros biomarcadores entre pacientes com AT e controles. Conclusões: Níveis séricos elevados de IL-6 e TNF-α, bem como uma maior captação arterial de 18F-FDG, estão associados à AT ativa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Takayasu Arteritis/metabolism , Takayasu Arteritis/diagnostic imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Case-Control Studies , Cytokines/metabolism , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
9.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 29(1): 11-16, jan.-mar.2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-777617

ABSTRACT

A cintilografia miocárdica de perfusão (CMP) é um dos métodos mais utilizados na avaliação de pacientes com suspeita de coronariopatia por seu valor diagnóstico e prognóstico. Duas de suas maiores limitações são o uso de radiação e a duração prolongada dosexames. Entretanto, novas Gamacâmaras de CZT (GC-CZT) têm permitido reduzir as doses dos radiotraçadores empregadas e o tempo de aquisição. O valor prognóstico desses novos protocolos não é conhecido.Objetivo: Determinar o valor prognóstico de um novo protocolo de CMP ultrarrápido e de baixa radiação numa GC-CZT. População: Pacientes com suspeita de coronariopatia consecutivamente submetidos a CMP numa GC-CZT no período de novembro de 2011 a junho de 2012.Metodologia: Foi utilizado protocolo de mesmo dia, iniciado pela fase de repouso com dose de 5 mCi e posterior estresse com dose de 15 mCi de Tc-99m sestamibi. Os tempos de aquisição foram de 6 e 3 minutos, respectivamente. Os exames foram classificados como normais ou anormais e escores de perfusão (SSS, SRS e SDS) foram calculados. Pacientes foram acompanhados mediante contato telefônico semestral. Os eventos avaliados foram morte, infarto não fatal e revascularização tardia (> 60 dias após CMP). Foi utilizado método de Coxpara identificar os preditores.Resultados: Setecentos e noventa e dois pacientes foram acompanhados por 21,3 ± 3,7 meses. A idade média foi de 65,2 ± 12,7 anos, sendo 50,3% do sexo masculino e o IMC médio de 26,9 ± 4,7. Hipertensão arterial foi o fator de risco mais frequente (59,5%), seguidode dislipidemia (51,9%) e diabetes (23,3%). Estresse físico foi empregado em 438 (55,3%) pacientes; 618 (78%) CMP foram normais. A dosimetria média dos exames foi 6 mSv e a duração média, de 48 ± 11 minutos. Durante o seguimentos ocorreram 12 óbitos, 4 infartos não fatais...


Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is one of the most used imaging methods for the evaluation of patients for coronary artery disease (CAD) due to its diagnostic and prognostic value. Two of its main limitations are radiation use and scan duration. However, CZT cameras (CZT-C) have allowed tracer dose and scan time reductions. However, the prognostic value of these new protocols is not known. Objective: To determine the prognostic value of a new, ultrafast, low dose protocol in a CZT-C. Population: Patients with suspect CAD undergoing MPS from 11/2011 to 6/2012 were studied. Methods: They had a 1-day Tc-99m sestamibi protocol starting with rest study (5 mCi dose) followed by stress (15 mCi). Acquisition times were 6 and 3 minutes respectively. MPS studied were classified as normal or abnormal and perfusion scores (SSS, SRS and SDS) were calculated. Patients were accompanied by 6-month phone calls. Events were defined as death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and late revascularization (> 60 days after MPS) and analyzed with the Cox method.Results: 792 patients were followed for 21.3 ± 3.7 months. Age was 65.2 ± 12.7 years, 50.3% were male and body mass index was 26.9 ± 4.7. Hypertension was the most frequent risk factor (59.5%), followed by hypercholesterolemia (51.9%) and diabetes (23.3%). Exercise was used in 438 (55.3%); 618 (78%) MPS studies were normal. Mean dosimetry was 6 mSv and mean scan time, 48 ± 11 minutes. During follow-up, there were 12 deaths...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases , Gamma Cameras , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/methods , Prognosis , Radiation Exposure Control , Semiconductors/trends , Cadmium/therapeutic use , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Risk Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Tellurium , Treatment Outcome , Tellurium/therapeutic use , Zinc/therapeutic use
10.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 51(2): 339-348, Apr.-June 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755053

ABSTRACT

Due to interesting therapeutic properties of 177Lu and tumor avidity of tetraphenyl porphyrins (TPPs), 177Lu-tetraphenyl porphyrin was developed as a possible therapeutic compound. 177Lu of 2.6-3 GBq/mg specific activity was obtained by irradiation of natural Lu2O3sample with thermal neutron flux of 4 × 1013 n.cm-2.s-1. Tetraphenyl porphyrin was synthetized and labeled with 177Lu. Radiochemical purity of the complex was studied using Instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) method. Stability of the complex was checked in final formulation and human serum for 48 h. The biodistribution of the labeled compound in vital organs of wild-type rats was studied up to 7 d. The absorbed dose of each human organ was calculated by medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) method. A detailed comparative pharmacokinetic study was performed for 177Lu cation and [177Lu]-TPP. The complex was prepared with a radiochemical purity: >97±1% and specific activity: 970-1000 MBq/mmol. Biodistribution data and dosimetric results showed that all tissues receive approximately an insignificant absorbed dose due to rapid excretion of the complex through the urinary tract. [177Lu]-TPP can be an interesting tumor targeting agent due to low liver uptake and very low absorbed dose of approximately 0.036 to the total body of human...


Devido às propriedades interessantes do 177Lu e da avidez tumoral das tetrafenil porfirinas (TPP), desenvolveu-se a 177Lu-tetrafenil porfirina como composto terapêutico potencial. 177Lu de atividade específica de 2,6-3 GBq/mg foi obtido por irradiação de amostra de Lu2O3 com fluxo térmico de nêutrons de 4 × 1013 n.cm-2.s-1. Sintetizou-se a tetrafenil porfirina e marcou-se com 177Lu. A pureza radioquímica do complexo foi estudada usando método de Cromatografia Instantânea de Camada Delgada ( ITLC). A estabilidade do complexo foi checada na formulação final e no ser humano por 48 h. A biodistribuição do composto marcado em órgãos vitais de ratos do tipo selvagem foi estudada por mais de 7 dias. A dose absorvida para cada órgão humano foi calculada pelo método da Dose Médica de Radiação Interna (MIRD). Estudo farmacocinético comparativo detalhado foi efetuado para o cátion 177Lu e para o [177Lu]-TPP. O complexo foi preparado com pureza radioquímica >97±1% e atividade específica de 970-1000 MBq/mmol. Os dados de biodistribuição e os resultados dosimétricos mostraram que todos os tecidos receberam uma dose absorvida aproximadamente insignificante devido à rápida excreção do complexo pelo trato urinário. O [177Lu]-TPP pode ser um agente interessante de direcionamento do tumor devido à baixa captação pelo fígado e pela dose bem baixa absorvida, de, aproximadamente, 0,036 do corpo humano total...


Subject(s)
Humans , Lutetium , Lutetium/administration & dosage , Lutetium/therapeutic use , Radioisotopes , Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , Porphyrins/administration & dosage , Porphyrins/therapeutic use , Uses of Radiation
11.
s.l; s.n; [2015].
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-847911

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: l presente informe expone la evaluación del radiotrazador de medicina nuclear Fluor-18-Fluorodexosiglucosa (F-18 FDG) en tomografías de emisión de positrones (PET). Se realiza esta evaluación considerando la necesidad manifestada por el Servicio de Medicina Nuclear del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins y del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Yrigoyen. Aspectos Generales: Las imágenes PET o Tomografías de Emisión de Positrones son técnicas de diagnóstico por imágenes no invasiva de la medicina nuclear, la cual, a través de una substancia emisora de positrones llamada radiotrazador, genera una imagen de su distribución tridimensional en los tejidos. Su evaluación, cuantificación e interpretación es realizada por el médico nuclear. La caracterización bioquímica y biológica de los tejidos, ofrece al médico tratante un tipo de información fundamentalmente diferente que la provista por las imágenes anatómicas. En la actualidad, la mayoría de los tomógrafos PET son equipos que combinan dos tecnologías: PET y TC (Tomografía computarizada) en un único dispositivo con el que se generan simultáneamente imágenes funcionales y anatómicas de los órganos en estudio. Tecnología Sanitaria de Interés: El radiofármaco emisor de positrones F-18 Fluorodexosiglucosa es un análogo de la glucosa y contiene el ingrediente activo 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucosa o F-18 FDG). Decae por emisión de positrones y tiene una vida media de 109.7 minutos. METODOLOGÍA: Estrategia de Busqueda: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura con respecto a la especificidad, sensibilidad y seguridad de PET-CT usando el F-18 FDG como radiotrazador. Para la búsqueda primaria se revisó la información disponible por entes reguladoras y normativas como la Food and Drug Administration (FDA), y la Dirección General de Medicamentos y Drogas (DIGEMID). Posteriormente se buscaron Guías de Práctica Clínica a través de los metabuscadores: TranslatingResearchintoPractice (TRIPDATABASE), National Library of Medicine (Pubmed-Medline) y HealthSystemsEvidence. Finalmente, se realizó una búsqueda dentro de la información generada por grupos internacionales que realizan revisiones sistemáticas, evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias y guías de práctica clínica, tales como The Cochrane Library, The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), The National Guideline of Clearinghouse, The Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH),The Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC), que a su vez fue complementada con una búsqueda en www.clinicaltrials.gov, para identificar estudios primarios en elaboración o que no hayan sido publicados aún. RESULTADOS: Evaluacion de Tecnología: Administración de Medicamentos y Drogas (FDA) del año 1999 (última actualización en el 2010) 3: La evidencia de mejor calidad encontrada fue esta revisión de 18F Fluoro-2-Deoxyglucosa (18-FDG) como agente de diagnóstico de imágenes PET en la evaluación de malignidad de la Administración de Medicamentos y Drogas (FDA por sus siglas en inglés), la cual aprobó su uso como radiofármaco en las áreas de oncología, cardiología y neurología. CONCLUSIONES: s imágenes PET o Tomografías de Emisión de Positrones son técnicas de diagnóstico por imágenes no invasivas de la medicina nuclear, las cuales usan compuestos llamados radiotrazadores para la generación de imágenes. El radiotrazador emisor de positrones F-18 Fluorodexosiglucosa es un análogo de la glucosa, el cual permite identificar tejidos malignos y benignos en el área evaluada, ya que una glicólisis acelerada o menor capacidad de producir energía aeróbicamente son características de células malignas (cancerígenas). La caracterización bioquímica y biológica de los tejidos, ofrece al médico tratante un tipo de información fundamentalmente diferente que la provista por las imágenes anatómicas, por lo que las guías de práctica clínica a nivel \r\ninternacional recomiendan actualmente el uso del radiotrazador tanto para fines se estadiaje como de seguimiento y respuesta al tratamiento oportunas. El uso del radiotrazador de medicina nuclear Fluor 18 Fluorodexosiglucosa (F-18 FDG) en tomografías de emisión de positrones (PET) para el diagnóstico, \r\nestadiaje, y respuesta al tratamiento en enfermedades oncológicas, está recomendado en guías de práctica clínicas internacionales. Sin embargo, es interesante notar que la evidencia científica de sensibilidad y especificidad que respalda dichas recomendaciones es escasa y variable para muchas de las patologías oncológicas. No obstante ello, esta tecnología imagenológica es ampliamente usada en oncología, especialmente para evaluar la respuesta a tratamiento. Cabe resaltar, que la evidencia revisada es consistente respecto a la seguridad del F-18 FDG. Por lo expuesto, el Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación- IETSI, aprueba el uso de F 18 Fluorodexosiglucosa como radiotrazador para la realización de PET-CT en el manejo oncológico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage , Medical Oncology/methods , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Nuclear Medicine , Technology Assessment, Biomedical
12.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 530-533, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-9196

ABSTRACT

F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT is an important whole-body imaging tool in the oncology and widely utilized to stage and restage various malignancies. The findings of significant focal accumulation of FDG in the lung parenchyma in the absence of corresponding CT abnormalities are related to the lung microembolism and known as hot-clot artifacts. Herein we present two cases with focal FDG uptake in the lung parenchyma with no structural lesions on the CT scan and discuss the possible mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Artifacts , False Positive Reactions , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage , Lung/metabolism , Multimodal Imaging/methods , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
13.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 450-457, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-72929

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential and correlation between near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging using cyanine 5.5 conjugated with hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan nanoparticles (HGC-Cy5.5) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) imaging of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 10 CIA and 3 normal mice. Nine days after the injecting collagen twice, microPET imaging was performed 40 minutes after the intravenous injection of 9.3 MBq 18F-FDG in 200 microL PBS. One day later, NIRF imaging was performed two hours after the intravenous injection of HGC-cy5.5 (5 mg/kg). We assessed the correlation between these two modalities in the knees and ankles of CIA mice. RESULTS: The mean standardized uptake values of 18F-FDG for knees and ankles were 1.68 +/- 0.76 and 0.79 +/- 0.71, respectively, for CIA mice; and 0.57 +/- 0.17 and 0.54 +/- 0.20 respectively for control mice. From the NIRF images, the total photon counts per 30 mm2 for knees and ankles were 2.32 +/- 1.54 x 10(5) and 2.75 +/- 1.51 x 10(5), respectively, for CIA mice, and 1.22 +/- 0.27 x 10(5) and 0.88 +/- 0.24 x 10(5), respectively, for control mice. These two modalities showed a moderate correlation for knees (r = 0.604, p = 0.005) and ankles (r = 0.464, p = 0.039). Moreover, both HGC-Cy5.5 (p = 0.002) and 18F-FDG-PET (p = 0.005) imaging also showed statistically significant differences between CIA and normal mice. CONCLUSION: NIRF imaging using HGC-Cy5.5 was moderately correlated with 18F-FDG-PET imaging in the CIA model. As such, HGC-Cy5.5 imaging can be used for the early detection of rheumatoid arthritis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Ankle Joint/diagnostic imaging , Arthritis, Experimental/diagnostic imaging , Carbocyanines/administration & dosage , Chitosan/administration & dosage , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage , Injections, Intravenous , Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging , Microscopy, Confocal , Nanoparticles , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Statistics, Nonparametric
14.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 32(10): 486-490, out. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-572629

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar a eficácia da injeção intraoperatória para identificação do LS em câncer de mama com o uso do Dextran 500-99m-tecnécio (Tc) e analisar o tempo para marcação do linfonodo sentinela (LS) axilar. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo realizado entre abril de 2008 e junho de 2009 que incluiu 74 biópsias de LS em pacientes com câncer de mama em estádios T1N0 e T2N0. Após a indução anestésica, injetou-se de 0,5 a 1,5 mCi (18 a 55 MBq) de Dextran 500-99m-Tc filtrado 0,22 µm num volume de 5 mL de acordo com a técnica de injeção subareolar para a biópsia do LS. Após a marcação com o radiofármaco injetou-se 2 mL de azul patente. O tempo entre a injeção e a marcação na região axilar, a contagem com o probe do LS in vivo, ex vivo, background e o número de LS identificados foram documentados. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva pelo programa SPSS, versão 18. RESULTADOS: identificamos o LS em 100 por cento dos casos. A taxa de identificação com o probe foi de 98 por cento (73/74 casos). Um caso (1,35 por cento) estava marcado apenas com o azul. A dose média do radiofármaco aplicada foi 0,97 mCi±0,22. O tempo para marcação na região axilar, após a injeção subareolar, foi de 10,7 minutos (±5,7 min. ). Foram identificados, em média, 1,66 linfonodos marcados com o radioisotopo. CONCLUSÃO: o procedimento para identificação do LS com injeção intraoperatória do radiofármaco é oncologicamente seguro, apresentando conforto ao paciente e agilidade à equipe cirúrgica.


PURPOSE: to determine the efficacy of intraoperative injection of Dextran-500-99m-technetium (Tc) for the identification of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer and analyze time to label the SLN in the axillary region. METHODS: a prospective study between April 2008 and June 2009, which included 74 sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNB) in patients with breast cancer in stages T1N0 and T2N0. After induction of anesthesia, 0.5 to 1.5 mCi of Dextran-500-99m-Tc filtered 0.22 µm in a volume of 5 mL was injected intraoperative using the subareolar technique for SLNB. After labeling with the radioisotope, 2 mL of patent blue was injected. The time elapsed between injection and the axillary hot spot, the in vivo and ex vivo counts of the hottest nodes, the background count, and the number of SLN identified were documented. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS program, version 18. RESULTS: we identified the SLN in 100 percent of cases. The rate of SLN identification with the probe was 98 percent (73/74 cases). In one case (1.35 percent) the SLN was labeled only with the blue dye. The mean dose of radioisotope injected was 0.97±0.22 mCi. The average time to label the SLN was 10.7 minutes (±5.7 min). We identified on average of 1.66 SLN labeled with the radioisotope. CONCLUSION: the procedure for SLN identification with an intraoperative injection of the radioisotope is oncologically safe and comfortable for the patient, providing agility to the surgical team.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms , Dextrans/administration & dosage , Intraoperative Care , Organotechnetium Compounds/administration & dosage , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods , Injections , Prospective Studies
15.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 46(3): 563-569, July-Sept. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-564924

ABSTRACT

18F-Sodium fluoride (Na18F) is a radiopharmaceutical used for diagnosis in nuclear medicine by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Bone scintigraphy is normally performed using 99mTc-MDP. However, 18F PET scans promise high quality imaging with increased resolution and improved sensitivity and specificity. In order to make available a tool for more specific studies of tumors and non-oncological diseases of bone tissue, the UPPR/CDTN team undertook the production and quality control of Na18F injectable solution with the physical-chemical, microbiological and biological characteristics recommended in the U.S. Pharmacopeia. Na18F radiochemical purity was 96.7 ± 1.3 percent, with Rf= 0.026 ± 0.006. The product presented a pH of 5.3 ± 0.6, half life of 109.0 ± 0.8 minutes, endotoxin limit < 5.0 EU.mL-1 and no microbial contaminants. The biodistribution of Na18F was similar to that described in the literature, with a clearance of 0.19 mL.min-1 and distribution volume of 18.76 mL. The highest bone concentration (5.0 ± 0.5 percentID.g-1) was observed 20 minutes after injection. Na18F produced at the UPPR presented all the quality assurance requirements of the U.S. Pharmacopeia and can be safely used for clinical bone imaging.


O Fluoreto de sódio 18F (Na18F) é um radiofármaco empregado para diagnóstico através da Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons (PET). Cintilografias ósseas são normalmente obtidas utilizando-se 99mTc-MDP. Entretanto, o interesse pelo Na18F é crescente, principalmente devido à obtanção de imagens de elevada resolução. Com o objetivo de tornar disponível uma ferramenta mais específica para estudos de tumores e doenças não-oncológicas do tecido ósseo, o grupo da UPPR/CDTN implementou a produção e o controle de qualidade da solução injetável de Na18F com as características físico-química, microbiológica e biológica preconizadas pela farmacopéia. Sua pureza radioquímica foi de 96,7 ± 1,3 por cento, com Rf= 0,026 ± 0,006. O produto apresentou pH igual a 5,3 ± 0,6, tempo de meia-vida de 109,0 ± 0,8 minutos, limite de endotoxinas < 5,0 EU.mL-1 e ausência de microrganismos. O perfil de biodistribuição em camundongos foi semelhante ao disponível na literatura, com depuração igual a 0,19 mL.min-1 e volume de distribuição igual a 18,76 mL. A concentração máxima (5,0 ± 0,5 por cento DI.g-1) foi observada no osso 20 minutos após a injeção. O Na18F produzido na UPPR do CDTN apresentou os parâmetros de qualidade definidos na farmacopéia americana e pode ser usado com segurança para uso clínico em cintilografia óssea.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Radiopharmaceuticals/radiation effects , Sodium Fluoride , Radiometry , Quality Control , Radionuclide Imaging
16.
Rev. med. nucl. Alasbimn j ; 10(41)jul. 2008. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495997

ABSTRACT

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty associated with radioactive liquid-filled balloons has demostrated to be useful to inhibit the growth of neointimal tissue. The present study pursued optimizing the relation risk/benefit during a procedure of brachytherapy with 188Re associated to angioplasty. Since the possibility of balloon rupture exists, to increase the security during the treatment different agents such as 188Re-DTPA, 188Re-Citrate and 188Re-EC vs 188ReO4 were evaluated. Dosimetric studies using Mirdose 3, after iv injection to Wistar rats, evaluation of a number of safety requirements in order to estimate radiation dose delivered to operating personnel and absorbed doses estimated by Monte Carlo method (PENELOPE). It is a safe procedure, both for the patient and the working staff; in case of ballon rupture the use of the above mentioned radiopharmaceuticals increases its security. 188Re beta emitor achieves a local dosis, diminishing the dose in healthy tissue.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Coronary Disease , Coronary Disease/radiotherapy , Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics , Rhenium/administration & dosage , Rhenium/pharmacokinetics , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Brachytherapy/instrumentation , Tissue Distribution , Radiotherapy Dosage , Time Factors , Monte Carlo Method , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Rats, Wistar
17.
Radiol. bras ; 41(2): 115-118, mar.-abr. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-482998

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Realizar levantamento sobre quais testes de controle de qualidade são realizados nos calibradores de dose dos serviços de medicina nuclear da cidade de São Paulo, SP. Estudar a exatidão das medições de atividade de sete calibradores de dose no Laboratório de Calibração de Instrumentos do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, usando fontes de radionuclídeos importantes clinicamente. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O levantamento sobre o controle de qualidade foi realizado a partir de questionários enviados aos serviços. Foram utilizados, no estudo de exatidão dos sete calibradores de dose, fontes de Ga-67, Tc-99m e Tl-201 e um instrumento padrão secundário. RESULTADOS: Os resultados do levantamento sobre os testes de controle de qualidade mostraram algumas impropriedades, por exemplo, a falta da realização diária do teste de reprodutibilidade por todos os serviços. Os resultados do teste de exatidão para os sete calibradores de dose estudados mostraram-se dentro do limite de aceitação da norma nacional (±10 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A situação com relação ao controle de qualidade de calibradores de dose é insatisfatória, de acordo com o pequeno número de serviços que participaram do levantamento. O estudo da exatidão em sete calibradores de dose não indicou falhas de desempenho e estabeleceu uma calibração desses instrumentos para as fontes utilizadas.


OBJECTIVE: To perform a survey on routine quality control tests of dose calibrators at nuclear medicine units in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. To evaluate the accuracy of measurements of seven dose calibrators activities, utilizing sources of clinically significant radionuclides at the calibration laboratory of Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey on quality control of dose calibrators has been based on questionnaires answered by the nuclear medicine units. Seven dose calibrators, Ga-67, Tc-99m and Tl-201 sources and a secondary standard instrument have been utilized in the accuracy study. RESULTS: The survey results on the quality control tests of the dose calibrators showed some inappropriateness, for example, the absence of daily reproducibility tests in all of the units. The accuracy tests for the seven dose calibrators showed results within the acceptable limit in compliance with the national regulations (±10 percent). CONCLUSION: According to the few nuclear medicine units participating in the survey, the dose calibrators quality control is unsatisfactory. The accuracy study of seven dose calibrators has not demonstrated any performance faults, and has established the calibration of these instruments for the utilized sources.


Subject(s)
Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Nuclear Medicine , Reproducibility of Results , Brazil , Risk Measurement Equipment , Quality Control , Surveys and Questionnaires , Radiotherapy Dosage
18.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 53(3): 257-260, maio-jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-460393

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a utilidade da realização rotineira da imagem tardia de campos pulmonares cinco horas após a ingestão do radiofármaco, no exame de cintilografia para pesquisa de refluxo gastroesofágico (PRGE), com a finalidade de detectar a presença de aspiração pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente 755 exames (400 homens, 355 mulheres) com idade média de 5,18 anos (variando de 1 mês até 94,5 anos). Os exames foram analisados segundo a presença de refluxo, sua freqüência, sua intensidade e a altura do esôfago atingida. Avaliou-se também a presença de atividade radioativa em campos pulmonares nas imagens tardias. RESULTADOS: Trezentos e sete exames apresentaram episódios de refluxo gastroesofágico: 84 exames apresentaram um episódio, 51 apresentaram dois, 45 apresentaram três, 37 apresentaram quatro, 18 apresentaram cinco e 72 apresentaram mais do que cinco episódios. Em 179 exames observou-se refluxo de grau discreto, 69 de grau moderado, 37 de grau acentuado e em 22 exames o grau de refluxo não foi registrado. Quarenta e seis exames apresentaram refluxo até o terço inferior do esôfago, 83 até o terço médio, 161 até o terço superior, 11 até a boca e seis exames não tiveram a altura do refluxo registrada. A imagem tardia foi realizada em 753 exames não se observando nenhum episódio de aspiração pulmonar. CONCLUSÃO: A imagem tardia de campos pulmonares na PRGE nunca foi positiva neste grupo de exames, o que pode ser decorrente da raridade de aspiração pulmonar na nossa amostra de pacientes, da baixa sensibilidade do método para detectar aspiração pulmonar ou de ambos os fatores.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefit of routine pulmonary imaging with a five hour delay in gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy (GERS) to detect pulmonary aspiration. METHODS: 755 cases were analyzed (400 men, 355 women) within a wide range of age (1 month up to 94 years, mean of 5.2 years). Presence of reflux, its frequency, severity, and esophageal extension were investigated. Delayed pulmonary images assessed the presence of radioactivity in the lungs. RESULTS: 307 cases of gastroesophageal reflux were identified, 84 of which with just one episode, 51 with 2 episodes, 45 with 3, 37 with 4, 18 with 5, and 72 with more than 5. Concerning severity of these 307 cases 22 had no evaluation, 179 were mild, 69 intermediate, and 37 severe. Degree of esophageal extension was not recorded for 6 cases; in 46 cases reflux covered the lower third of the esophagus, in 83 cases it reached the central third, in 161 the upper third, and in 11 cases it extended to the mouth. Delayed pulmonary images were available in 753 cases and none showed signs of lung aspiration. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed pulmonary images were negative in all cases regardless of the patients' age or severity of the disease. This is suggestive that either lung aspiration is rare in GERS procedures or delayed pulmonary imaging has a sensitivity that is too low to permit detection.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Gastroesophageal Reflux , Radiopharmaceuticals , Respiratory Aspiration , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lung Diseases , Retrospective Studies , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Respiratory Aspiration/etiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors
19.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 19(2): 105-117, abr.-jun. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-481074

ABSTRACT

En el laboratorio del Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Radiofármacos de la Universidad Central de Venezuela se desarrolló método de preparación, en sistema cerrado y a temperatura ambiente, del radiofármaco 153Sm-EDTMP, para ser administrado por vía endovenosa como radioterapia sistémica metabólica, con la finalidad de aliviar el dolor crónico asociado a la enfermedad metastásica ósea. Con la finalidad de evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento se diseñó un protocolo clínico, el cual fue aprobado por el Comité de Bioética. De acuerdo con este protocolo se seleccionaron 15 pacientes con diagnóstico comprobado de metástasis óseas y manifestación de dolor. A todos se les administró una primera dosis de 1 mCi/kg del radiofármaco y solamente 4 de estos recibieron después de tres meses segunda dosis igual de 1 mCi/kg cada uno. Se llevaron registros semanales del alivio del dolor, calidad de vida del paciente y el uso de analgésicos. Los resultados demuestran que con cada administración del radiofármaco 153Sm EDTMP, se produce un significativo alivio del dolor, disminuye el uso de analgésicos y mejora la calidad de vida del paciente. 153Sm-EDTMP preparado en nuestra facultad, constituye una alternativa válida y viable, en virtud de su disponibilidad y accesibilidad, para el tratamiento paliativo del dolor en la enfermedad metastásica ósea. La aplicación del protocolo clínico diseñado para la evaluación del radiofármaco 153Sm-EDTMP en la terapia de la enfermedad metastásica ósea ha permitido confirmar su eficacia en estos casos clínicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neoplasm Metastasis , Bone Marrow Neoplasms , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , Radiotherapy , Medical Oncology , Venezuela
20.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 799-805, 2005.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-80422

ABSTRACT

Percutaneous approaches, such as percutaneous ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation, have been most widely used for hepatocellular carcinoma patients who were not eligible for surgery. New technologies to improve the efficacy are currently needed. 166Holmium is a neutron activated radionuclide, and has several beneficial radiophysical characteristics for internal radiation therapy. 166Holmium-Chitosan complex, in which chitosan is chelated with 166Holmium, was developed as a radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy. We have conducted a pilot study to evaluate the clinical efficacy of transarterial administration of 166Holmium-Chitosan complex in patients with a single and small (< 3 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma. 166Holmium-Chitosan complex, at a dose of 20 mCi per cm of tumor mass-diameter, was administered through the artery that directly fed the tumor. Twelve patients were treated with a median follow-up duration of 26 (range: 12-61) months. The tumor diameter ranged between 1.5 and 2.5 cm. Ten patients (83%) had complete response and two (17%) had partial response. The median complete response duration was not reached. The median AFP level declined from 83.8 to 8.3 ng/mL within 2 months after treatment. No grade III/IV toxicity was observed. Grade I and II toxicities were observed in four patients (2 abdominal pain, 1 fever, and 1 AST/ALT elevation). No toxic death occurred. This preliminary study shows a promising and durable complete response rate with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies with greater accrual of patients are warranted.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Humans , Female , Aged , Adult , alpha-Fetoproteins/metabolism , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage , Pilot Projects , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Injections, Intra-Arterial , Chitosan/administration & dosage , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
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